Circular String

A circular string or necklace is a string formed from a linear string $x$ formed by indexing $x$ by the modulus of $|x|$.

To study a circular string $x$ we study every rotation of the underlying linear string of $x$.

Canonical forms

The canonical form of a circular string is the lexicographically least rotation $R_{j}(x)$. See Lyndon Words.

The canonical form of $aba$ is $aab$.